Which statement best describes how malnutrition affects wound healing in older adults?

• A. Malnutrition does not affect wound healing
• B. Age-related appetite changes do not influence healing
• C. Age-related appetite changes, chronic diseases, and social factors; malnutrition impairs collagen synthesis and immune function, slowing healing
• D. Malnutrition only affects healing in extreme cases

Answer: (C)

Nutrition provides the building blocks and energy needed for every stage of wound healing. In older adults, reduced appetite, chronic diseases, and social factors can lead to malnutrition, meaning the body doesn’t receive enough protein, calories, or essential micronutrients. This directly slows healing because collagen synthesis—a key process for wound strength—depends on adequate protein and vitamins like vitamin C and minerals like zinc. Immune function also relies on proper nutrition; without enough nutrients, immune cells don’t function well, increasing infection risk and hindering debris removal and tissue repair. So, when older adults experience age-related changes in appetite along with chronic conditions and social barriers to eating, malnutrition can impair collagen formation and immune response, leading to slower, less effective wound healing.